JFIF,,!ExifMM*O (12> Ri `-'-'Adobe Photoshop CS4 Windows2010:10:22 20:52:21Roslyn Burrough Kingsley Promo  (HHJFIFHH Adobe_CMAdobed            ^"?   3!1AQa"q2B#$Rb34rC%Scs5&DTdE£t6UeuF'Vfv7GWgw5!1AQaq"2B#R3$brCScs4%&5DTdEU6teuFVfv'7GWgw ?I$vҒI$72:=ky$6˜7_,}vbInx{kXlk۵-f=檷bYAaLs ]{ݷnTF՛1(Dˣ][Y]cA),W<_ᖇY;DDI$BI$I$vҕlc*ʽZou=7T̳ G[\$%7{/$6ǻwH)0r2& =GQ#kǰ\*3;7 z^PnH鞓mo;w oc}gޢn]7c iXw~c;@c-C#%t֏ѐc08_)z>Fm6Su:2X{6Z5}ayaƐ#tzdpq{_Mswǡ۩i!=1]z~ H>4˦㱱kGjp j q{j\]=zk\-'hݵH_dp$I$I$vI^0$Wa>1;mRMXh"Kl }'޺WS>k}_[kMѷM&%z;-ևWT[mrs捛m\ݍ4Wr`un{O\]4srkI$I$vҖ֯SF0OC13]ίܫ%(JOnT^Q}?׊۔A>oCik,yIG\ebtܫ_n?m&dl2:^&.OeGԳl7mc[k^k>Y>OǬ_ӳG8v{j:G"MC7c? C⛫euzչ֗ԺgSpѵص\\~ޣ gCcXɇdO{2ö+"cQ5cq'u$RI$vҗ%ަUj~ s\ZY@cwћ?{b˶N^,ElKeNk{X8VKw{TSq&C:]zLuÞ{- u[W5v#%MVK]^-v=buΆ0(cyv)][ǻOc?{eDJԃ2я{ϼp wb>NA]];= ڭ}תrm}9}-S9#gjYXWtsFMյᾓ5l==ERck呉Ւg! vz:7OLeY-;ϥ]c?cCث黑s..I$v0q- 7;t75?vn9{\ w~+vF&9}e7QV]ӷ7]LO6"E^ 5#}rX%ęeE߼``O{,AȬ7k+ʲQSEv[ Nʧ7=_kF69b-l8HUG[{+e֝[^*y- xNQȷkmn(V\_.yqO3*pp*xۻ-Αpn~|UA^e?)s! 9 \e>$_?费᎜Wc4h$EI$vҔ/]Ej pJx:ݴzu<emfΠӐ]X5eu9엓Z{.LO}*k$<2q!N 6d\2@MB0%R 8jf9,Z@@unT21骖:{{sOYoۿ0Uc1}upopEGX?sr@Aq`m\L>:f-Bfeԫs9I$I$vҒI$XvƏe3>[-a_Αz]`s\t41eI_ Ƶ{qϢ}̷].bTӫDzmp!χo_ ̍,k流cvSmmXq:=KYV^d09U@=B[4>&Iq.r}THZK;`5-)$II$vҒI {N6dgPy~oQ^ʀ[[~;vU/\d׾vVꗦXom_Em˫w..qqJDr pGǬzu~t ;T]S\[tIŦ}R-]:s]kCD"A:yyޟYh -͵kgZ .WSmcoCk@/xնg۷+WӉVYFS2j|ԒI +Photoshop 3.08BIM2Z%GRoslyn Burrough Kingsley Promo8BIM%` f Fm6Su:2X{6Z5}ayaƐ#tzdpq{_Mswǡ۩i!=1]z~ H>4˦㱱kGjp j q{j\]=zk\-'hݵH_dp$I$I$vI^0$Wa>1;mRMXh"Kl }'޺WS>k}_[kMѷM&%z;-ևWT[mrs捛m\ݍ4Wr`un{O\]4srkI$I$vҖ֯SF0OC13]ίܫ%(JOnT^Q}?׊۔A>oCik,yIG\ebtܫ_n?m&dlper was motivated to Wisconsin from the scarcity of knowledge about Black people in Wisconsin. His interest spread beyond the research aspect to his strong desire in seeing that Black contributions are taught in the schools. With Wisconsins history being a requirement in the fourth grade, Dr. Cooper knew that knowledge of Black people are part of Wisconsin history had to be taught before that grade. Dr. Coopers interest in obtaining information about Black people in Wisconsin along with his urgent desire that Black contributions and culture are taught in the schools resulted in his being recognized as both a scholar and a historian on African Americans in Wisconsin. Dr. Cooper was the author of a number of publications. The connection between Dr. Coopers scholarship and his consistent stance for equality is reflected in his writings. Dr. Coopers research required him to travel extensively into areas in Grant County such as Beetown, Lancaster and Platteville; areas in Vernon County such as the Town of Forest, Hillsboro, LaFarge; and to cities such as La Crosse, Sparta, West Salem, Portage and Milton, where the underground railroad existed.

In May of 2004, Dr. Cooper wrote the following article in The Madison Times:
Although some schools admitted African Americans before 1820, most states either excluded them altogether or established separate schools. Wisconsin was an exception to the almost universal denial of public education to African American children during the early 19th century. Despite attempts by some legislators to even deny entry of African Americans into Wisconsin, the Badger State did not join those states that had adopted exclusion laws. The Wisconsin state Senate in 1862 voted 22 to 5 to reject a bill denying African Americans entry into the state; and a similar bill was defeated again in 1863 by the same body. Wisconsin legislators also refused to entertain or pass laws excluding African American children from public education. No legal barriers to achievement were created by Wisconsins state law makers. Wisconsin law was, thus, consistent with the first article of the states Constitution, that all citizens of Wisconsin are free and equal.
According to Dr. Edward Noyes, the state has kept its borders open to all men that they might achieve whatever goals that their strengths or their weaknesses permitted.

Ebo Landing. In the history of the resistance and rebellion to slavery the incident at Ebo Landing is a heroic event a moment of great pride for all who fought slavery on the Sea Islands. In 1802-1803 Africans from the Igbo group were captured and sold to two St. Simons plantation owners John Couper and Thomas Spalding. When the enslaved Africans reached St. Simons Island, Chief Oba, turned his back to the cruel slave lands, refused to live in bondage, began chanting, looked into the eye of the sea and glided upon the water until the Chief and many other Ibos were slowly whirling out of sight. H.A. Siebert states, as the men marched to their death, they sang in their native tongue: The water brought us; the water will take us away. Other members of the Igbo followed their chief into the depths of Dunbar Creek. The Igbos (Ibo, Ebo) would not permit their birthright be severed by intruders of the human spirit. To lose freedom to the proper Igbo is, therefore, a logical equivalent of death. To be enslaved, to be owned by another is to not be. To the Igbo life is the supreme value. They would rather kill themselves than be subjected to slavery. It is also stated that the drowned were among about 75 Igbo, including women and children forced to leave Nigeria on ships bound for coastal Georgia, home to profitable cotton and other plantations that grew food, and material for clothes. Descendants of the nation settled in the St. Simons, Sapelo and other coastal Georgia communities. Similar resistance to slavery by drowning occurred in Belize and Haiti.

First African Baptist Church. The historic First African Baptist Church, St. Simons Island was organized in 1859, making it one of the oldest historic institutions in the area. The leader was Reverend Andrew Neal, who served as pastor for twenty-eight years. The first light that shed in the minds of the group of organizers spread with such force that it became a beacon on the hill that summoned men and women to its path. The present church was erected in 1866 with renovations to the front and back in the 1970s. On Christ, The Solid Rock We Stand. The struggle to preserve African culture on St. Simons Island is also reflected in the existence of the First African Baptist Church established in the year 1859 before the Civil War. This extraordinary two-story building is located in a beautiful antique setting with live oak trees adorned with swaying Spanish moss, not to forget its pyramid roof steeple in the same likeness of an African pyramid; and built in 1869 by former slaves of St. Simons Island plantations. Visitors from all across the United States and many nations attend worship services at this historical site. The people and the community mirror the importance of the very ancient African proverb It Takes A Village. This is particularly noted in the care and teaching of the young folk in First African Baptist Church and the churches and communities throughout the Sea Islands. The First African Baptist Church offers every Sunday, Sunday School at 9:30a and Services at 11:00a.

Harrington Schoolhouse is the last remaining African American schoolhouse on St. Simons, which was built in the early 1920s. The St. Simons African American Heritage Coalition is working to restore the schoolhouse and open its doors as a cultural and historical center and museum.

Neptune Small (1831-1907) was the faithful servant of the Thomas Butler King family of Retreat Plantation. When the son, Capt. Henry Lord Page King, enlisted in the Confederate Army and went off to war, Mr. Neptune went along. Capt. King was killed in Virginia at the Battle of Fredericksburg. Mr. Neptune returned the body to St. Simons Island. After the war, Mr. Neptune was given a piece of land on the southern edge of the Retreat lands. Family members continue to reside on St. Simons Island. Mr. Neptune was honored and respected by all who knew him. He was laid to rest at the Retreat Burial Ground at the Sea Island Golf Course. Capt. Kings body` lies in the family burial plot in Christ Church.

Susie King Taylor, born enslaved in the neighboring Liberty County, escaped slavery on a Georgia plantation at the outbreak of the Civil War. Having covertly learned to read and write, Ms. Taylor was asked by a Union Navy Commodore to run a childrens school on St. Simons Island. The school had forty children and a number of adult students. The women contributed not only to the fight for freedom, but also to the building of the culture of the freed Africans in the Sea Islands. Before the Civil War, St. Simons had fourteen plantations, ranging in size from a hundred to three thousand acres and with thousands of enslaved Africans. With the Civil War, the plantation owners abandoned St. Simons. The enslaved population remained and many of the men joined the United States Army enlisting in what became the Armys first African American regiment. After the War and the return of the owners and former slaves, the imprint of the slave economy remained the owners had their plantations, the former enslaved people had nothing. Confronted with a past of 250 years of slavery and a current deprivation of resources, the African Americans undertook to revitalize their society: bought land, cultivated new crops, became business owners, developed an educational system, nurtured their communities with unconditional love and taught the enjoyment of life on the Sea Islands. This comprehensive effort to build a society embodying the values and experiences of African and African American people continues to this day.

There are many names (past and present) of heroic members of the community who have not received accolades and salutations; however, they are very much appreciated for their valiant effort in maintaining the dignity, courage and culture of their African heritage.